What are the treatments for ADHD?

The best treatment for childhood ADHD is thought to be a combination of medication and psychological therapies. Close cooperation among therapists, doctors, teachers, and parents is very important, and team meetings are useful.

• Stimulants. Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD. They include  dexamfetamine and  methylphenidate (strange as it seems, stimulants often calm hyperactivity.) A doctor needs to monitor the dosage closely, both to check for the right level and to watch for side effects. There is some concern amongst experts about the side effects of methylphenidate - particularly on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Treatment should be closely monitored. New formulations of these medicines have been approved - allowing the child to take the medicine only once a day, if desired.
• Non-stimulants. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication for ADHD. In September 2005 the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency issued a public health advisory about rare reports of suicidal thinking in children and adolescents taking atomoxetine . The agency asked atomoxetine’s maker to include a warning on the product's label. There is also a small risk of liver damage and of irregular heart rhythms.
• Psychological therapy. Of the psychological therapies, behaviour modification may be best, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn some of the techniques for behaviour control. It is often given in conjunction with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child suffers from low self-esteem. There are also tips for lifestyle changes that may help people with ADHD.
  • Joining a support group like The National Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service (ADDISS) or Adders.org - the ADD/ADHD online forum.

Because a child with ADHD may process directions and other information in faulty ways, they are apt to be bombarded with corrections, leaving them with a low opinion of themselves. Do whatever you can to promote your child's self-esteem.

• Praise and reward good behaviour promptly.
• Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other carers follow your methods.
• Make instructions simple and specific (“Brush your teeth; now, get dressed”), instead of general (“Get ready for school”).
• Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities.
• Have set routines for meals,  sleep, play and TV.
• Don't let homework monopolise all of their time after school; play and  exercise are important.
• Simplify your child's room. Store toys out of sight.