Mental illness in children

About 10% of children in the UK aged 5-16 suffer from a recognisable mental disorder, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics. 4% of children have an emotional disorder such as anxiety or depression.

Which mental illnesses are most common in children?

Children can suffer from the following mental illnesses:

• Anxiety disorders: Children with anxiety disorders respond to certain things or situations with fear and dread, as well as with physical signs of anxiety (nervousness), such as a rapid heartbeat and sweating.
• Disruptive behaviour disorders: Children with these disorders tend to defy rules and often are disruptive in structured environments, such as school. Conduct disorders are found in 6% of UK children who suffer from mental illness.
• Pervasive development disorders: Children with these disorders are confused in their thinking and generally have problems understanding the world around them.
• Eating disorders: Eating disorders involve intense emotions and attitudes, as well as unusual behaviours, associated with weight and/or food.
• Elimination disorders: These disorders affect behaviour related to the elimination of body wastes (faeces and urine).
• Learning and communication disorders: Children with these disorders have problems storing and processing information, as well as relating their thoughts and ideas.
• Affective (mood) disorders: These disorders involve persistent feelings of sadness and/or rapidly changing moods.
• Schizophrenia: This is a serious disorder that involves distorted perceptions and thoughts.
• Tic disorders: These disorders cause a person to perform repeated, sudden, involuntary and often meaningless movements and sounds, called tics.

Some of these illnesses, such as anxiety disorders, eating disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia, can occur in adults as well as children. Others, such as behaviour and development disorders, elimination disorders, and learning and communication disorders, begin in childhood only, although they can continue into adulthood. In rare cases, tic disorders can develop in adults. It is not unusual for a child to have more than one disorder.

What are the symptoms of mental illness in children?

Children's symptoms vary depending on the type of mental illness, but some of the general symptoms include:

• Abuse of drugs and/or alcohol
• Inability to cope with daily problems and activities
• Changes in sleeping and/or eating habits
• Excessive complaints of physical ailments
• Defying authority, playing truant, stealing, or damaging property
• Intense fear of gaining weight
• Long-lasting negative moods, often accompanied by poor appetite and thoughts of death
• Frequent outbursts of anger
• Changes in school performance, such as poor marks despite good efforts
• Loss of interest in friends and activities they usually enjoy
• Significant increase in time spent alone
• Excessive worrying or anxiety
• Hyperactivity
• Persistent nightmares or night terrors
• Persistent disobedience or aggressive behaviour
• Frequent temper tantrums
• Hearing voices or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations)