What is flu?

Worried about catching the flu or swine flu? Want to learn some ways to prevent flu? Then read on to learn more about flu - what flu is, how flu is spread, and who's at greatest risk for getting flu. Knowledge is power when it comes to preventing flu - and we want you and your family members to stay well!

What is flu?

Influenza, commonly shortened to flu, is an extremely contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza A, B or C viruses. Flu appears most frequently in winter and early spring. The flu virus attacks the body by spreading through the upper and/or lower respiratory tract.

What's the difference between a cold and flu?

The common cold and flu are both contagious viral infections of the respiratory tract. Although the symptoms can be similar, flu is much worse. A cold may drag you down a bit, but the flu can make you shudder at the very thought of getting out of bed.

Congestion, sore throat and sneezing are common with colds. Both cold and flu bring coughing, headache and chest discomfort. With the flu, though, you are likely to run a high temperature for several days and have headache, muscle aches, fatigue and weakness. Usually, complications from colds are relatively minor, but a severe case of flu can lead to a life-threatening illness such as pneumonia.

More than 100 types of cold viruses are known, and new strains of flu evolve every few years. Since both diseases are viral, antibiotics cannot conquer cold or flu. Remember: Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections.

A few antiviral medications are available to treat flu, but there are no medications that specifically defeat the common cold. Antibiotics may be helpful if there is a secondary bacterial infection.

How are stomach flu and influenza different?

‘Stomach flu’ is a popular term but not a true medical diagnosis. It's not uncommon to mistake gastroenteritis, which is what stomach flu is, for the viral infection we commonly call flu. Gastroenteritis refers to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines). A virus, bacteria, parasites in spoiled food or in unclean water, or another agent can cause stomach flu. With gastroenteritis, you may have symptoms such as abdominal cramps, stomach pain, vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea.

Symptoms of flu are similar to a cold except flu symptoms are much worse with fatigue, high temperature, headache and respiratory congestion. Flu symptoms come on so abruptly that you may know the exact time you first came down with flu.

How is flu spread?

The flu virus is spread from person to person through respiratory secretions and typically sweeps through large groups of people who spend time in close contact, such as in childcare facilities, school classrooms university dormitories, military barracks, offices and nursing homes.

Flu is spread when you inhale droplets in the air that contain the flu virus, make direct contact with respiratory secretions through sharing drinks or utensils, or handle items contaminated by an infected person. In the latter case, the flu virus on your skin infects you when you touch or rub your eyes, nose or mouth. That's why frequent and thorough hand washing is a key way to limit the spread of influenza. Flu symptoms start to develop from one to four days after infection with the virus.