Fertility health centre

Everyone can take steps to protect their fertility. However, age is an important factor that affects fertility, especially in women.

If you're trying to conceive, you can find out how to give yourself the best chance by reading Trying to get pregnant.

Even if babies are the last thing on your mind at the moment, you can take steps to help maintain your fertility.

Professor William Ledger, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Sheffield, explains the basics.

Age and fertility

When it comes to fertility, age matters. 

Many people today wait until they're older to have children. But fertility declines over time, and you should consider this if you plan to have children later.

Both women and men are at their most fertile in their early twenties.

In women, fertility declines more quickly with age. This decline becomes rapid after the age of 35. This has a number of causes, but particularly the decline in the quality of the eggs released by the ovaries.

Around one-third of couples in which the woman is over 35 have fertility problems. This rises to two-thirds when the woman is over 40.

Women over 35 are also less likely to become pregnant as a result of fertility treatments, including IVF, and are more likely to have a miscarriage if they do become pregnant.

Men's fertility gradually declines from around the age of 40, but most men are able to father children into their 50s and beyond.

Good fertility health

Other factors also affect fertility. But in many cases, you can take action to help protect your fertility.

Avoid STIs

Don't smoke

Be a healthy weight

Drink sensibly

Keep your testicles cool

Avoid radiation and dangerous chemicals

Fertility problems

If you've been trying to conceive for a year or more by having regular unprotected sex, it's time to see your GP.

Your GP can do tests to identify possible fertility problems, and can provide advice on the next steps.

Learn more in Fertility and your GP .