Prostate cancer: Cystoscopy or bladder scope test

What is cystoscopy?

Sometimes also known as a cystourethroscopy or bladder scope, cystoscopy is a test to look at the lining of your urethra and bladder.

The procedure involves inserting a tube into the urethra through the opening at the end of your penis. It allows the doctor to examine visually the complete length of the urethra and the bladder for polyps, strictures (narrowing), abnormal growths and other problems.

The test is performed:

• To diagnose and evaluate diseases of the urinary tract
• To identify cancers of the bladder or urethra
• To determine the cause of pain in the urinary tract
• To carry out various treatments that can be performed through the cystoscope
• To assess how well a treatment has worked

How does the test work?

Cystoscopes are tubular instruments equipped with lights and viewing devices that are used to examine the interior of the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopes: a standard rigid cystoscope and a flexible cystoscope. The choice of which scope to use depends on the purpose of the examination.

During the test you will need to lie on your back with your knees up and apart. The urethra is cleaned and a local anaesthetic applied to numb the area. The scope is then inserted through your urethra into the bladder.

During the procedure water is passed through the cystoscope and into your bladder. Your doctor will ask you a series of questions about how you feel while your bladder is filled. When the bladder is full of water it stretches. This allows your doctor to examine the entire bladder wall.

If any tissue appears abnormal, a biopsy (tissue sample) can be taken through the cystoscope for analysis.

The entire procedure generally lasts about 15 to 20 minutes.

Does the test hurt?

You may feel discomfort as the cystoscope is inserted into your urethra and bladder. You will probably feel a strong need to urinate when the water fills the bladder. If a biopsy is taken, you may feel a slight pinch.

After the procedure your urethra may be sore and you may feel a burning sensation while urinating for a day or two.

What are the risks of cystoscopy?

The risks of having a cystoscopy include:

• Infection
• Bleeding from the biopsy area (slight risk)
• Rupturing of the bladder wall (slight risk)

Seek urgent medical advice if you notice any of the following after a cystoscopy:

• Severe pain at the insertion site
• Chills
• Fever
• A reduction in urine flow