Frequently asked questions about sexual health

1. Does a man go through menopause?

Yes, a man can go through something similar to a woman’s menopause but to a different extent to a woman. In men it’s called the andropause, as menopause is a term used to describe the end of a woman's fertility. It literally means the end of menstruation. Female menopause is characterised by changes in hormone production. The male testes, unlike the woman's ovaries, do not lose the ability to make hormones. A healthy male may be able to make sperm well into his 80s or longer.

On the other hand, subtle changes in the function of the testes may occur as early as 45 to 50 years of age, and more dramatically after the age of 70. Since men do not go through a distinct period of male menopause, some doctors refer to this as androgen ( testosterone) deficiency in the ageing male (ADAM), or as the "andropause". Men typically experience a decline in the production of testosterone due to ageing, but it can also be related to some diseases such as diabetes.

Whether waning functionality of the testicles contributes to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, depression, decreased sexual desire, or impotence often remains uncertain.

There are treatments for these symptoms. If testosterone levels are low, replacing that hormone may help relieve symptoms, such as the loss of interest in sex, depression, and fatigue. However, replacing male hormones can worsen prostate cancer and high cholesterol levels. Talk to your doctor to see if hormone treatment is right for you.

2. How often should women get a pelvic exam and cervical smear?

NHS guidelines in England suggest that you should have a cervical smear at least every three years from the age of 25 onwards, and at least every 5 years from age 50 to 64. In Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland women are advised to attend for regular screening from the age of 20. Some women who have a higher risk of cancer may need to have a cervical smear more often. Talk to your GP to see what is right for you.