Understanding STIs - prevention

Always avoid sex with anyone who has genital sores, a rash, discharge or other disease symptoms.

The only time unprotected sex is completely safe from infection is if you and your partner have sex only with each other, and if it's been at least six months since each of you tested negative for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Otherwise you should:

• Use latex condoms every time you have sex. If you use a lubricant, make sure it's water-based. You should wear a condom throughout the sex act. Condoms are not 100% effective at preventing disease or pregnancy. However, they are extremely effective if used properly, so learn how to do this.
• Avoid sharing towels or underclothing.
• Wash before and after intercourse.
• Consider getting a vaccination for hepatitis B.
• Get tested for HIV.
• If you have a problem with drug or alcohol abuse, get help. People who are drunk or on drugs often fail to have safe sex.

The only sure way to prevent STIs is by not having sex. It was once thought that using condoms with the spermicide nonoxynol-9 helped to prevent STIs by killing the organisms that can cause these diseases. But more recent research has shown that nonoxynol-9 also irritates a woman’s vagina and cervix, actually increasing the risk of an STI.

Subsequently, a number of manufacturers stopped making condoms lubricated with nonoxynol-9. According to current recommendations, there is no need for condom users to use spermicides as well.

How can I avoid spreading a sexually transmitted infection?

• Stop having sex until you see a doctor and are treated.
• Follow your doctor's instructions for treatment.
• Use condoms whenever you have sex, and especially with new partners.
• Don't start having sex again unless your doctor says it's OK.
• Go back to your doctor for another check-up if advised to do so.
• Make sure your sexual partner or partners are also treated.